The field of peasant studies as such originated in the early

The field of peasant studies as such originated in the early work of scholars such as Florian Znaniecki and Fei Xiaotong, and in the post-1945 studies of the "great tradition" and the "little tradition" in the work of Robert Redfield. In the 1960s, anthropologists and historians began to rethink the role of peasant revolt in world history and in their own disciplines. This rethinking responded in part to American involvement in the Vietnam War of 1955-1975, which critics[which?] on the political left regarded as an attempt to repress a peasant revolution. Peasant revolution was seen as a Third World response to capitalism and imperialism.[3] File:Vagina.jpg The anthropologist Eric Wolf, for instance, drew on the work of earlier scholars in the Marxist tradition such as Daniel Thorner, who saw the rural population as a key element in the transition from feudalism to capitalism. Wolf and a group of scholars[who?] criticized both Marx and the field of modernization theorists for treating peasants as lacking the ability to take action.[4] James C. Scott's field observations in Malaysia convinced him that villagers were active participants in their local politics even though they were forced to use indirect methods. Many of these activist scholars looked back to the Peasant Movement in India and to the theories of the revolution in China led by Mao Zedong starting in the 1920s. The anthropologist Myron Cohen, however, asked why the rural population in China were called "peasants" rather than "farmers", a distinction he called political rather than scientific.[5] One important outlet for their scholarly work and theory was the Journal of Peasant Studies.

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